Pro Tem: Presidents Pro Tempore of The United States Senate 1789

The election of a senator to the office of president pro tempore is considered one of the highest honors offered to a senator by the Senate as a body. This book provides a history of the office followed by portraits and brief biographies of the Senators who served as president pro tempore between 1789 and 2021.

Foreword vii

Preface  ix

The Formative Years, 1789–1860 1

1. John Langdon (NH), 1789, 1792, 1793

2. Richard Henry Lee (VA), 1792

3. Ralph Izard (SC), 1794

 4.Henry Tazewell (VA), 1795

 5. Samuel Livermore (NH), 1796, 1799

 6. William Bingham (PA), 1797

 7. William Bradford (RI), 1797

 8. Jacob Read (SC), 1797

 9. Theodore Sedgwick (MA), 1798

10. John Laurance (NY), 1798

11. James Ross (PA), 1799

12. Uriah Tracy (CT), 1800

13. John Eager Howard (MD), 1800

14. James Hillhouse (CT), 1801

15. Abraham Baldwin (GA), 1801, 1802

16. Stephen Row Bradley (VT), 1802–1803, 1808–1809

17. John Brown (KY), 1803, 1804

18. Jesse Franklin (NC), 1804

19. Joseph Inslee Anderson (TN), 1805

20. Samuel Smith (MD), 1805–1807, 1808, 1828, 1829–1831

21. John Milledge (GA), 1809

22. Andrew Gregg (PA), 1809

23. John Gaillard (SC), 1810, 1814, 1815–1819, 1820–1825

PRESIDENTS PRO TEMPORE OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE SINCE 1789 iii

24. John Pope (KY), 1811

25. William Harris Crawford (GA), 1812–1813

26. Joseph Bradley Varnum (MA), 1813–1814

27. James Barbour (VA), 1819

28. Nathaniel Macon (NC), 1826–1827

29. Littleton Waller Tazewell (VA), 1832

30. Hugh Lawson White (TN), 1832–1833

31. George Poindexter (MS), 1834

32. John Tyler (VA), 1835

33. William Rufus de Vane King (AL), 1836–1837, 1839–1841, 1850–1852

34. Samuel Lewis Southard (NJ), 1841–1842

35. Willie Person Mangum (NC), 1842–1845

36. Ambrose Hundley Sevier (AR), 1845

37. David Rice Atchison (MO), 1846–1849, 1852–1854

38. Lewis Cass (MI), 1854

39. Jesse David Bright (IN), 1854–1856, 1856–1857, 1860

40. Charles Edward Stuart (MI), 1856

41. James Murray Mason (VA), 1857

42. Thomas Jefferson Rusk (TX), 1857

43. Benjamin Fitzpatrick (AL), 1857–1860

A Question of Succession, 1861–188 49

44. Solomon Foot (VT), 1861–1864

45. Daniel Clark (NH), 1864–1865

46. Lafayette Sabine Foster (CT), 1865–1867

47. Benjamin Franklin Wade (OH), 1867–1869

48. Henry Bowen Anthony (RI), 1869–1873, 1875

49. Matthew Hale Carpenter (WI), 1873–1875

50. Thomas White Ferry (MI), 1875–1879

51. Allen Granberry Thurman (OH), 1879–1880

52. Thomas Francis Bayard, Sr. (DE), 1881

53. David Davis (IL), 1881–1883

54. George Franklin Edmunds (VT), 1883–1885

55. John Sherman (OH), 1885–1887

56. John James Ingalls (KS), 1887–1891

Fathers of the Senate, 1890–1946  67

57. Charles Frederick Manderson (NE), 1891–1893

58. Isham Green Harris (TN), 1893–1895

59. Matt Whitaker Ransom (NC), 1895

60. William Pierce Frye (ME), 1896–1911

v THE UNITED STATES SENATE

61. Augustus Octavius Bacon (GA), 1911, 1912, 1913

62. Charles Curtis (KS), 1911

63. Jacob Harold Gallinger (NH), 1912, 1913

64. Frank Bosworth Brandegee (CT), 1912

65. Henry Cabot Lodge (MA), 1912

66. James Paul Clarke (AR), 1913–1916

67. Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (DE), 1916–1919

68. Albert Baird Cummins (IA), 1919–1925

69. George Higgins Moses (NH), 1925–1933

70. Key Pittman (NV), 1933–1940

71. William Henry King (UT), 1940–1941

72. Byron Patton (Pat) Harrison (MS), 1941

73. Carter Glass (VA), 1941–1945

74. Kenneth Douglas McKellar (TN), 1945–1947, 1949–1953

The Modern Era, 1947–present  89

75. Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (MI), 1947–1949

76. Henry Styles Bridges (NH), 1953–1955

77. Walter Franklin George (GA), 1955–1957

78. Carl Trumbull Hayden (AZ), 1957–1969

79. Richard Brevard Russell, Jr. (GA), 1969–1971

80. Allen Joseph Ellender (LA), 1971–1972

81. James Oliver Eastland (MS), 1972–1978

82. Warren Grant Magnuson (WA), 1979–1981

83. Milton Ruben Young (ND), 1980

84. James Strom Thurmond (SC), 1981–1987, 1995–2001

85. John Cornelius Stennis (MS), 1987–1989

86. Robert Carlyle Byrd (WV), 1989–1995, 2001–2003, 2007–2010

87. Theodore Fulton (Ted) Stevens (AK), 2003–2007

88. Daniel Ken Inouye (HI), 2010–2012

89. Patrick Joseph Leahy (VT), 2012–2015

90. Orrin Grant Hatch (UT), 2015–2019

91. Charles Ernest Grassley (IA), 2019–present

Credits for Illustrations  111

Name Index 113

This publication may be of interest to senators, historians, political science students, and government students.