Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 Edition, provides science-based advice on what to eat and drink to promote health, reduce risk of chronic disease, and meet nutrient needs. The 2020-2025 edition builds from the 2015 edition, with revisions grounded in the Scientific Report of the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee and consideration of Federal agency and public comments. Dietary Guidelines is designed for policymakers and nutrition and health professionals to help all individuals and their families consume a healthy, nutritionally adequate diet. The information in the Dietary Guidelines is used to develop, implement, and evaluate Federal food, nutrition, and health policies Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025.
Message From the Secretaries v Acknowledgments vi
Executive Summary vii
Introduction1
Setting the Stage 3
Grounded in Science and Focused on Public Health 3
A Spotlight on Dietary Patterns 6
Healthy Dietary Patterns at Every Life Stage 6
Dietary Guidelines for Americans: What It Is, What It Is Not 7
Quantitative Guidance on Foods, Not Nutrient Requirements 7
Health Promotion, Not Disease Treatment 7
Developing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 7
Stage 1: Identify Topics and Supporting Scientific Questions 8
Stage 2: Appoint a Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee To Review Current Scientific Evidence 8
Stage 3: Develop the Dietary Guidelines 11
Stage 4: Implement the Dietary Guidelines 12
A Roadmap to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 14
Chapter 1: Nutrition and Health Across the Lifespan: The Guidelines and Key Recommendations 15
The Guidelines 17
Guideline 1: Follow a Healthy Dietary Pattern at Every Life Stage 19
What Is a Dietary Pattern? 19
The Health Benefits of a Healthy Dietary Pattern 23
A Healthy Dietary Pattern Supports Appropriate Calorie Levels 23
Most Americans Do Not Follow a Healthy Dietary Pattern 26
Guideline 2: Customize and Enjoy Food and Beverage Choices To Reflect Personal Preferences, Cultural Traditions, and Budgetary Considerations 27
Guideline 3: Focus on Meeting Food Group Needs With Nutrient-Dense Foods and Beverages, and Stay Within Calorie Limits 30
Vegetables 31
Fruits 32
Grains 32
Dairy and Fortified Soy Alternatives 33
Protein Foods 33
Oils 35
Beverages 35
Dietary Components of Public Health Concern for Underconsumption 36
Guideline 4: Limit Foods and Beverages Higher in Added Sugars, Saturated Fat, and Sodium, and Limit Alcoholic Beverages 37
Added Sugars 41
Saturated Fat 44
Sodium 46
Alcoholic Beverages 49
Support Healthy Dietary Patterns for All Americans 50
Looking Toward the Life Stages 50
Chapter 2: Infants and Toddlers 51
Introduction 53
Putting the Key Recommendations Into Action 54
Feed Infants Human Milk for the First 6 Months, If Possible 54
Provide Infants Supplemental Vitamin D Beginning Soon After Birth 56
Introduce Infants to Nutrient-Dense Complementary Foods at About 6 Months Old 56
Introduce Infants to Potentially Allergenic Foods Along With Other Complementary Foods 58
Encourage Infants and Toddlers To Consume a Variety of Complementary Foods and Beverages To Meet Energy and Nutrient Needs 59
Establish a Healthy Beverage Pattern 61
Healthy Dietary Pattern During a Toddler's Second Year of Life 63
Current Intakes 65
Supporting Healthy Eating 67
Accessing a Healthy Dietary Pattern 68
Looking Toward Chapter 3: Children and Adolescents 68
Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 — Page ii
Chapter 3: Children and Adolescents 69
Introduction 71
Healthy Dietary Patterns 72
Current Intakes 75
Special Considerations 87
Sugar-Sweetened Beverages 87
Dairy and Fortified Soy Alternatives 88
Adolescent Nutrition 88
Supporting Healthy Eating 89
Accessing a Healthy Dietary Pattern 90
Looking Toward Chapter 4: Adults 90
Chapter 4:
Adults 91
Introduction 93
Healthy Dietary Patterns 95
Current Intakes 97
Special Considerations 101
Dietary Fiber 101
Calcium and Vitamin D 101
Saturated Fat 102
Sodium 102
Added Sugars 103
Alcoholic Beverages 104
Supporting Healthy Eating 104
Accessing a Healthy Dietary Pattern 105
Looking Toward Chapter 5:
Women Who Are Pregnant or Lactating
Chapter 6:
Older Adults 106
Chapter 5: Women Who Are Pregnant or Lactating 107
Introduction 109
Healthy Dietary Patterns 110
Current Intakes 113
Special Considerations 115
Meeting Nutrient Needs 115
Folate/Folic Acid 115
Iron 115
Iodine 116
Choline 117
Seafood 117
Alcoholic Beverages 117
Caffeine 118
Supporting Healthy Eating 120
Nutrition and health professionals, individuals and their families. Additional audiences include schools and the food industry.
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