Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020

The U.S Geological Survey’s (USGS) 2020 Edition of Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) compiles a list of minerals that includes information on their events, trends and issues. It also presents graphs and tables on the structure of the industry and resources along with the growth of these minerals that you can track. In this edition more than ninety minerals with recycling reports, surveys, and historical statistics are condensed into two pages for easier readability. In this book you can also find out about government programs, tariffs, and world production and resources.

General: Introduction .. 3

The Role of Nonfuel Minerals in the U.S. Economy ...... 4

Significant Events, Trends, and Issues...... 5

2019 U.S. Net Import Reliance .... 7

Major Import Sources of Nonfuel Mineral Commodities in 2019....... 8

Table 1—U.S. Mineral Industry Trends ...... 9

Table 2—U.S. Mineral-Related Economic Trends... 9

Table 3—Value of Nonfuel Mineral Production in the United States in 2019........10

Appendix A—Abbreviations and Units of Measure ....194

Appendix B—Definitions of Selected Terms Used In This Report......194

Appendix C—Reserves and Resources.....................195

Appendix D—Country Specialists Directory...............199

Mineral Commodities: Abrasives (Manufactured)...... 18

Aluminum ..................................................................... 20

Antimony ...................................................................... 22

Arsenic ......................................................................... 24

Asbestos ...................................................................... 26

Barite............................................................................ 28

Bauxite and Alumina.................................................... 30

Beryllium ...................................................................... 32

Bismuth ........................................................................ 34

Boron............................................................................ 36

Bromine........................................................................ 38

Cadmium...................................................................... 40

Cement......................................................................... 42

Cesium......................................................................... 44

Chromium..................................................................... 46

Clays ............................................................................ 48

Cobalt........................................................................... 50

Copper ......................................................................... 52

Diamond (Industrial)..................................................... 54

Diatomite...................................................................... 56

Feldspar and Nepheline Syenite.................................. 58

Fluorspar...................................................................... 60

Gallium......................................................................... 62

Garnet (Industrial)........................................................ 64

Gemstones................................................................... 66

Germanium .................................................................. 68

Gold.............................................................................. 70

Graphite (Natural) ........................................................ 72

Gypsum........................................................................ 74

Helium.......................................................................... 76

Indium .......................................................................... 78

Iodine ........................................................................... 80

Iron and Steel............................................................... 82

Iron and Steel Scrap .................................................... 84

Iron and Steel Slag ...................................................... 86

Iron Ore........................................................................ 88

Iron Oxide Pigments .................................................... 90

Kyanite and Related Minerals...................................... 92

Lead ............................................................................. 94

Lime ............................................................................. 96

Lithium.......................................................................... 98

Magnesium Compounds ............................................ 100

Magnesium Metal....................................................... 102

Manganese ................................................................ 104

Mercury.......................................................................106

Mica (Natural).............................................................108

Molybdenum ...............................................................110

Nickel..........................................................................112

Niobium (Columbium).................................................114

Nitrogen (Fixed)—Ammonia.......................................116

Peat ............................................................................118

Perlite .........................................................................120

Phosphate Rock .........................................................122

Platinum-Group Metals...............................................124

Potash ........................................................................126

Pumice and Pumicite..................................................128

Quartz Crystal (Industrial) ..........................................130

Rare Earths ................................................................132

Rhenium .....................................................................134

Rubidium ....................................................................136

Salt .............................................................................138

Sand and Gravel (Construction)................................. 140

Sand and Gravel (Industrial) ......................................142

Scandium....................................................................144

Selenium.....................................................................146

Silicon .........................................................................148

Silver...........................................................................150

Soda Ash ....................................................................152

Stone (Crushed) .........................................................154

Stone (Dimension)......................................................156

Strontium ....................................................................158

Sulfur ..........................................................................160

Talc and Pyrophyllite ..................................................162

Tantalum.....................................................................164

Tellurium.....................................................................166

Thallium ......................................................................168

Thorium ......................................................................170

Tin...............................................................................172

Titanium and Titanium Dioxide...................................174

Titanium Mineral Concentrates ..................................176

Tungsten.....................................................................178

Vanadium ...................................................................180

Vermiculite..................................................................182

Wollastonite ................................................................184

Yttrium ........................................................................186

Zeolites (Natural)........................................................188

Zinc.............................................................................191

The information contained in this statistical reference may interest geologists, geographers, economists, environmental scientists, researchers, mineral users, Government officials and investors in natural resources. Students pursuing coursework in the areas of geology and commodities trading may also be interested in this comprehensive global resource.